Problems

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War and Civil Conflict

  • "In 2002 there were 21 major armed conflicts in 19 locations across the world." (Eriksson et al. 2003)
  • "In the 1990s, civil conflict was more than twice as likely in countries where 40% or more of the adult population (over 15 years) was between the ages of 15 and 29. A decline in the birth rate of 5 births per 1000 people corresponded to a decline of just over 5% in the risk of civil conflict." (POPLINE Vol. 31, insert)

Food

  • "Worldwide, FAO estimates that 842 million people were undernourished in 1999–2001." (FAO 2003)
  • "the estimated 790 million of the world's poorest people ... are chronically undernourished" (Wood et al. 2000, page 31)
  • "It is estimated that at least 12 m low-birthweight (LBW) births occur per year and that around 162 million pre-school children and almost a billion people of all ages are malnourished." (Behrman et al. 2004, page 363)
  • "more than one quarter of the children in the developing world are underweight" ... "146 million malnourished children" ... "Persistent undernourishment is a contributing factor in at least 5.6 million deaths of children under five years of age every year" ... "a lack of iodine in diets is the leading cause of preventable brain damage tin children worldwide and can lower the average IQ in iodine-deficient regions by up to 13 points." (POPLINE Vol. 31)
  • "in South Asia ... children under age 5, 46 percent ... underweight" ... "Sub-Saharan Africa ... 28 percent of its children underweight" ... "48 percent in Nepal and Bangladesh, 47 percent in India and Ethiopia" ... "in China ... 8 percent by 2002" ... "The rate in the United States is only about 2 percent." (POPLINE Vol. 31)

Water

  • "400 million children have no access to safe water: one in five" ... "The number who die each day because the lack access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation: 3,900; those who die each year 1.4 million." (UNICEF 2005, cover)
  • 'UNICEF Executive Director Ann M. Veneman' ... '"With 2.6 billion people living without a simple toilet, diarrhea has become one of the world's leading causes of child deaths and malnutrition," she notes.' (POPLINE Vol. 31, insert)

Poverty

  • "The World Bank estimates that meeting basic needs requires $1.08 per day per person, measured in 1993 purchasing-power adjusted prices." ... "According to the Bank's estimates, 1.1 billion people lived below the $1.08 level as of 2001, with an average income of $0.77 per day, or $281 per year." (Sachs 2005, page 290)
  • "Total number of children worldwide who died in 2003 before they were five: 10.6 million. Most of these deaths could ahve been prevented." (UNICEF 2005, cover)
  • "The lives of 1.7 million children will be needlessly lost this year (2000) because world governments have failed to reduce poverty levels." (Oxfam 2000)
  • "More than 500 million youth live on less than $2 per day, with some 238 million living on less than $1 per day." (POPLINE Vol. 31, insert)

Illiteracy

  • "About 57 million young men and 96 million young women aged 15 to 24 in developing countries cannont read or write." (POPLINE Vol. 31, insert)

Unplanned pregnancy

  • "Pregnancy is a leading cause of death for young women aged 15 to 19 worldwide." (POPLINE Vol. 31, insert)
  • "According to the UNFPA, every minute -
380 women become pregnant
190 of them did not plan or do not wish the pregnancy
40 have unsafe abortions
1 woman dies from a treatable complication of pregnancy" (POPLINE Vol. 31, insert)
  • "Africa accounts for 44 percent of the world's maternal deaths from unsafe abortion, according to Ipas" ... "An estimated four million unsafe abortions occur in Africa annually, killing 34,000 women and girls." (POPLINE Vol. 31)

HIV/AIDS

  • "Today, on the continent of Africa, nearly 30 million people have the AIDS virus, including 3 million children under the age of 15." ... "More than 4 million require immediate drug treatment. Yet across that continent, only 50,000 AIDS victims--only 50,000--are receiving the medicine they need." (Sachs 2005, page 344)
  • "Number of children who have been orphaned by HIV/AIDS worldwide: 15 million; the number of children living in Germany 15.2 million;" (UNICEF 2005, cover)
  • "Worldwide, young women (15-24 years) are 1.6 times as likely as young men to be HIV positive." (POPLINE Vol. 31, insert)

Health

  • "270 million children have no access to health services: one in seven" (UNICEF 2005, cover)
  • "Number of child lives that could be saved each year through routine immunization: 2.2 million." (UNICEF 2005, cover)
  • "From 100 to 140 million women in more than 28 African countries have undergone some form of genital cutting and each year another 3 million girls are forced to undergo the practice." (POPLINE Vol. 31)

Legal rights

  • "In the next 10 years, 100 million girls in the developing world -- some as young as seven or eight -- will be married, if present trends continue." (POPLINE Vol. 31)

Global Warming

  • "2005 was the hottest year ever recorded, beating the 1998 record; the years 2002, 2003 and 2004 round out the top five." (POPLINE Vol. 31, insert)
  • "At least 150,000 more people are dying each year of malaria, diarrhea, malnutrition and floods, all of which can be traced to climate change, according to Shigery Omi, the head of the WHO’s Western Pacific office. More than half of those deaths register in Asia, Omi said, according to Reuters." (eFluxMedia article, 2008-04-07)
  • "the World Health Organization released a study indicating that climate change results in an extra 150,000 deaths and five million sicknesses each year, by causing the spread of malaria, diarrhea, malnutrition and other ailments." (Kristof, New York Times, 2006)

Tobacco

  • According to the World Health Organization, tobacco is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In 2000, it killed approximately 5 million people; by 2020, it will most likely kill 10 million, or approximately one-half of long-term smokers.[1] Half of those who die from smoking lose about 20-25 years of life, compared to nonsmokers.[2]
  • "While the smoking population is half what it was a generation ago in the U.S. and other industrialized nations, with only one in five using tobacco, it's different in Africa and East Asia, where time stands still when it comes to cigarettes. Smoking rates of 40% or more of the population are common in these regions ... Most studies conclude a cigarette costs 10 minutes of life, so a pack-a-day smoker (20 cigarettes a day) loses 13.9% of a year to the habit over the long haul. In Namibia, where half of the country's two million citizens smoke, the average income is about $3,230 a year, according to the World Bank. How much does the habit drain that? About $448.61 per year in lost income. Multiplied by just over 1 million smokers, it adds up to $461 million in income losses nationwide, or 6.9% of the country's $6.6 million total" (Forbes.com 2007)
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